施恩德家居

Multi-angle and multi-dimensional sharing, I believe it will bring a lot of thinking and help to friends in the industry. The following is the dry goods shared by Zhang Baiqing, a professor at Jingdezhen Ceramic University!

Slate has brought a blue ocean to the industry, but how to make slate well? How to make slate well in the home furnishing industry and pan-home furnishing industry? These problems not only bring difficulties to the industry, but also bring challenges to the pottery machine equipment people. For pottery equipment and even the entire slate industry, a very critical question for making slate is: how to process slate? So that it will not be cut and cracked in the process of processing. Slate, as a kind of plate, must be cut and processed if it is to be applied to different scenes. Therefore, how to objectively evaluate the machinability of slate is an urgent problem to be solved.

/ How to determine the machinability of slate? /


What parameters can be used to characterize the machinability of slate? Some people propose to judge by density analysis method and stress distribution, but it is more difficult. In the future, there may be newer technologies and equipment that can meet these determination methods. Although it is difficult to determine the processing performance of slate, some research and development work has been done in the past two years. Professor Wu Jianqing of South China University of Technology used ultrasound to mark the stress distribution of each plate. Professor Wu encountered several situations during the test. One is that the crack is deflected in the direction of less compressive stress. The other is first-cut cracking, (cracks from the compressive stress to the tensile stress region), where the incision causes a change in the stress state. The stress of other plates is actually different, but in the process of cutting, there is no cracking phenomenon, or it does not follow the direction of the crack. At present, it is impossible to evaluate the processing performance of slate in theory, so how do enterprises do it in reality? I have visited several companies and basically use the method of trial cutting to verify the machinability of slate. For example, the board is divided into many grids, cut into many pieces, and tested in the workshop to prove that it does not crack. Some companies use the curve cut, that is to say, the stress situation is viewed through the curve cut. I have also discussed this method with many people. Assuming that one cut will not crack, in principle, the possibility of this kind of board cracking is relatively small. Because under normal circumstances, the first knife will crack, and it will crack; the later part that does not crack will not crack.

/ Causes of cutting cracks /

The second question I would like to briefly talk about, what is the reason for the cracking of the slate? How to crack it? I think the root cause of cutting cracks in slate is the release of residual stress inside the material. If the residual stress is not completely released, cracks will inevitably occur during the cutting process of the rock slab, which is the fundamental reason. Materials will inevitably generate stress during processing, so how to crack the residual stress? I think there are two aspects. First, in the manufacturing process, strictly control the formula, glaze, firing and the entire process to produce slate that meets the requirements; formulate a scientific formula structure, starting from the microstructure of the product, improve The crystal structure of the green body is improved, and the fracture toughness of the product is improved. Tailor-made slate firing process. During the sintering process, the sintering curve is scientifically adjusted, the influence of thermal stress on the product is reduced, and the toughness and machinability are improved, so that the slate is not easy to crack. Second, it is necessary to control the processing process. If the board is good, but the processing equipment is not well controlled, such as the sharpness of the blade, the speed of rotation, etc., cutting cracks or even cracks will occur, then the board will be useless. Therefore, the correct use of tools is important. When cutting boards, special rock-cutting saw blades must be used, and the sharpness of the saw blades must be maintained at all times. Otherwise, the surface of the cut rock board products will collapse and show serrated edges, which may cause serious bottom collapse, and may break the corners, which will seriously affect the product. quality, and may even lead to product scrapping. Attention should be paid to the control of details. After all, slate is different from other materials. We found that the processing of slate is much more difficult than that of glass, and the problem of cutting and cracking is common in various enterprises. I have been to many companies. Some companies in the industry that are relatively early in the production of slate should have figured out a set of technical parameters for slate production that is suitable for them, so that the products produced by themselves can be processed and cut at will. Even some enterprises' slate finished products processing from the early breakage rate of 30% - 40%, and now the processing integrity rate can basically reach 99%.

/ Precautions for slate processing /


The third question is about matters needing attention in slate processing. Slate processing mainly includes cutting, drilling and edging.
The slate below 6 mm generally uses a glass brick cutting machine, and it is more convenient and fast to grind the edge after manually breaking it. Thick rock slabs above 6 mm generally use bridge cutting and water jetting. The water jet cutting process has high stability, and the cut rock slab is flat, which can increase the smooth effect of the rock slab in the cutting of straight lines or curves, and can complete the cutting of any complex shape pattern.
During cutting, the feed speed, operating pressure, improper tool rotation speed, uneven cutting table, movement or vibration of the slate during cutting, improper cutting tools, etc. will cause the rupture of the slate during the cutting process.


/ Main equipment for slate processing /


The fourth question is to introduce the main equipment currently processed. The first is the bridge cutting machine. The bridge cutting machine now has double heads and double knives. The material of the first knife is different from that of the second knife. The first knife is a resin blade, slotted, and the second knife is alloy steel. Blade, cut. A knife is grooved and then cut again, so that the problem of cutting and cracking is not easy to occur during the processing.

Then there is the water jet. Now the water jet can cut all kinds of special-shaped slate parts. The fully automatic CNC cutter head can achieve accurate cutting, fast speed, and linkage cutting in any direction. The slate, especially the panel, needs to be beautiful. Without the equipment of water jet, it is definitely impossible.


/ The development trend of deep processing of slate /


Finally, briefly share the development trend of deep processing of slate. I personally feel that I have to do three things.
First, manufacturers should set up slate processing centers (enterprises and regions). The upgrading of processing technology and the establishment of automated slate processing centers are important processes for converting slate boards into products. Because slate is not just selling slabs, but selling finished products. Last time, a student from Hangzhou asked me if I could use slate for home decoration. I said yes, and he asked how to make a hole? I said that when you buy, tell the other party the size and requirements, and let the other party make the finished product or semi-finished product and send it over. If you buy a slate and pull it home, you won't be able to use it yourself. In the future, the goal of slate manufacturers is to sell finished products, not a single board, and solve all cutting and cracking problems in the factory. If one or two pieces are cut and cracked in the factory, it doesn't matter, the problem of deep processing should be eliminated in the factory. Enterprises are not selling plates, but components, the final kitchen and bathroom countertops and cabinet panels.
Second, slate enterprises can not only sell slate, but to build a whole industry service chain. This is the key to the success of slate supporting services in the future. In order to complete personalized customization and improve the quality of consumer demand, it is necessary to improve the basic processing supporting landing services and create a full-line service chain. Establish a platform for logistics distribution, design and application, and cross-border innovation and integration. Through the establishment of regional storage warehouses, regional efficient operation, efficient distribution and delivery are realized, and the platform benefits of "short, frequent and fast" are truly achieved.
Third, the deep processing of slate will develop in the direction of flexibility, dataization and intelligence. The client's demand data is directly input into the processing equipment, and the processed products are distributed to the customer through logistics to achieve interconnection and reduce intermediate links. If a complete service chain like this is opened up, I believe that China's slate will be a blue ocean in the future.